Impact of health and safety on human resource in construction industry

The construction industry has long been regarded as one of the most vital in a country's economy due to its wide links with other sectors, regarding human resources are the most important source in the construction sector. very few companies have the ability to exploit this resource and provide facilities of health and safety and protect workers to avoid risks. This study aims to assess the impact of health and safety in the construction industry on human resources and to study the factors associated with the causes of construction worker dissatisfaction. To achieve the objectives of the study, the quantitative and qualitative method was used, whereby a questionnaire was used to find out the impact of health and safety on workers in the construction sector in Gaza Strip. The study concluded with the satisfaction of construction workers about the nature of the relationship between them and their employers, which is characterized by passion and solidarity. The construction companies lack a system that depends on providing pensions, vacations, insurances, and bonuses to workers within these companies. Health and safety standards are ranked first in terms of the interest of workers and employers, which indicates their importance in the field of work and the extent of its


INTRODUCTION
Health and safety topic gains importance in the construction sector. Its appearance in many aspects of human life cannot be ignored. The construction sector is very important in many countries of the world developing or developed, due to its impact on the economy. The construction industry is exposed to many types of hazards and accidents due to the diverse nature that it contains (Davis & Thomasin, 1996). it ranks high among the various industries with the incidence of injuries and disabilities, in addition to containing the highest deaths in workers. (Khalid, 1996) agrees that the construction industry is high in injuries and deaths compared to other industries. The issue of health and safety is of great importance in the field of construction because of the volatile nature it contains, in addition, we cannot ignore health and safety in various industries and sectors.
Many research studies have emphasized the importance of health and safety in the construction sector. Safety in construction includes the safety of employees and workers and working in a safe and secure environment. Working in a safe environment helps employees achieve increased profitability, productivity and lower operating costs (Levitt & Samelson, 1993). Hazards at construction sites affect the safety and health of workers and increase the likelihood of accidents and worker deaths (Ng et al., 2005).

LITERATURE REVIEW
The complicated nature of projects has necessitated the creation of programs in the construction industry to acquire effective abilities in delegating project management tasks to the appropriate personnel in order to assure the process's success. To detect personnel traits, companies adopt unbiased methodologies (Madter et al., 2012). Human resource refers to the organization's human aspect, or the combination of intelligence, skills, and expertise (Bontis et al.,1999). Individuals capable of learning, adapting, innovating, and providing the creative push that, if properly motivated, can ensure the organization's long-term survival are known as human resource (Armstrong, 2006). whereas Human Resource Development is the integration of https://www.londontechpress.co.uk individual, career, and organizational development responsibilities in order to maximize organizational members' productivity, quality, opportunity, and fulfilment as they strive to achieve the organization's goals (Nassazi, 2013). the success of any institution is related to the skills, knowledge, and experience of employees, that often achieved through the development of human resources at the institution (Gberevbie, 2012). Human resources focuse what the human adds to the success equation, both personally and organizationally, whereas Individual and organizational for learning, and performance are two main strands for Human Resource Development (Swanson et al., 2001). Since the human factor is one of the factors that use an organization's resources effectively remain the most valuable (Uzondu, 2013). The researchers confirmed that human development led to enhancing and improving the performance of the organization (Tabassi et al., 2011). However, there are very few companies that have the ability to make optimal use of this resource (Ahmad & Schroeder, 2003). The optimal recruitment of human resources is very important for the organization in order to achieve its goals and tasks (Ahmed & Akhtar, 2012). The construction industry's diversified character exposes its staff to a wide range of hazards (Davies & Tomasin, 1996). resulting in serious casualties and illnesses on a daily basis. (Davies & Tomasin, 1996). it is one of the most dangerous sectors on the planet. (Jannadi & Bu-Khamsin, 2002). and has a high rate of casualties when compared to other sectors (Khalid, 1996). this risking the health & wellbeing of staff. (Ng et al., 2005). Safety is important, involves protecting the wellbeing of workers and ensuring that they operate in a safe and healthy workplace. According to empirical data, a safe workplace aids employees in increasing productivity, improve revenue, and lower operational costs (Levitt & Samelson, 1993).
The concept of health and safety focuses on the security, preservation, and well-being of workers (Yip et al.,2005). that include both psychological and physical wellbeing at the construction sites (Kheni et al., 2008). that's mean it is clear of bodily and mental sickness (Rantanen & Fedotov, 1998). The inability of personnel to follow working procedures recommended and supervised by the board and executive authorities is the leading cause of construction fatalities (Hamid et al., 2008). casualties can occur as an outcome of dangerous acts or workplace environments (Kartam & Bouz, 1998). or the absence of strategies and policies in construction companies in safety (Hamid et al., 2008).
However Human resources can develop policies and strategies that ensure a safe work environment for employees and workers and reduce accidents and take action immediately (Umrani, 2016). By training workers and employees on safety as the number of accidents decreased when employees and workers felt that their roles were safe (Lin & Mills, 2001). workers and employees must have the appropriate skills and knowledge (Law et al.,2006).
That facilitates their work. risks and accidents can be reduced in construction sites by identifying appropriate and preventive methods for using machines and equipment in the correct way (Cooper & Cotton, 2000). However bad training cause to increase in the rate of injury and accidents during Work (Cox & Cox, 1996).

METHODOLOGY
A literature review is presented about role of human resource in health and safety in the construction industry. The sources have mainly been referred to books, conferences, academic research, and theses. A questionnaire was used as the main tool to collect the data in one of Palestinian construction site in Gaza city, to achieve the objective of the research, that included a set of questions to assessing the current situation of health and safety in the construction sector. The questions of questionnaire were explored through several previous studies. Likert scale of 1-5 was employed in the questionnaire, that is a form of psychometric response scale and is the scale most frequently used in the studies. When Respondents answer a questionnaire by Likert scale, they demonstrate their level of agreement with the claims. shows that majority of respondents are males with proportion 100%, and proportion of females from respondent's is 0%. The absence of females in construction works related to local habits and traditions in Gaza. Also, it shall be noted that majority of respondents age is less than 25 years that is equal 38.3% from total respondents, and 30% of respondents age is 25-30, and 16.7% of respondents age is 30-40, 15% of respondents age is more than 40. Furthermore, data collected demonstrate that field's experience for 38.3% of respondents is less than 5 years, experience is 5-10 years for 28.3% of respondents, 10% of respondents have 10-15 years of field's experience, 23.3% of respondent's experience is more than 15 years. Table 1. shows that 1.7% of respondents are uneducated. Education level is primary for 11.7% of respondents, Education level is secondary for 61.7% of respondents, 25% of respondents have a vocation level of education. 30 % of respondents work in residential projects. 56.7% of respondents, work in general building projects, 13.3% of respondents work in infrastructure projects.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
Distribution of the profession of the questioned person shows that majority of respondents work as shuttering technician and that form 18.3% of respondents, 13.3% of respondents work as workers, 3.3% of respondents work as painters, 5% of respondents work as tile technicians in addition to as electrical technicians, 8.3% of respondents work as masons, 5% of respondents work as plastering technicians.  Table 2. shows that the mean of item #6 "The management adopts principles of friendship, intimacy, solidarity and affection with employees" equals 4.10 (82%), Test-value = 6.846, and P-value is 0.000. It is concluded that the respondents agreed to this item. The mean of item #4 "The administration approves pension / sick leave / insurances" equals 2.42 (48.3%), Test-value = -3.394, and P-value = 0.001. which is at the level of significance 0.05. It is concluded that the respondents disagreed to this item. The mean of the total equals 3.33 (66.7%), Test-value = 5.157, and P-value less than 0.000. The sign of the test is https://www.londontechpress.co.uk positive, it is concluded that the respondents agreed to this field. Table 3. shows that the mean of item #4 "The management provides safety measures for human resources when carrying out hazardous work" equals 4.37 (87.3%), Test-value = 10.170, and P= 0.000. It is concluded that the respondents agreed to this item. The mean of item #5 "The Table 3. Health and Safety in working environmental conditions that workers are exposed to on the site (extreme heat, rain, storms)" equals 3.82 (76.3%), Testvalue = 5.399, and P-value = 0.000. which is at the level of significance 0.05. It is concluded that the respondents agreed to this item. The mean of the total equals 4.05 (80.9%), Test-value = 10.949, and P-value less than 0.000. The sign of the test is positive, so the mean of this field is significantly at 0.05.  Table 4. shows that the mean of all items equal 3.51 (70.2%), Test-value = 8.355, and P= 0.000, It is concluded that the respondents agreed to all items of questionnaire. Also from table 4, it shows that "Health and Safety in construction work" was ranked in the first position by fields with RII of (80.9%) and followed by "Reasons for dissatisfaction of construction workers" with (66.7%).

CONCLUSIONS
Human resources are considered one of the most important resources affecting quality in the construction sector. Hence, Employees in the construction industry must be maintained and developed. Human resource development gives the organization a competitive advantage. However, ignoring it negatively affects the quality of the company's future projects. This research work addressed the topic of health and safety in the construction sector and the role of human resources. As it was shown that workers in the workplace are exposed to various weather conditions, we recommend the need to provide protection and prevention methods and ways during work to avoid the risks that may result from that. The research also showed a lack of sufficient commitment by the administration to safety procedures for its human resources, which contributes to the occurrence of injuries and hazards for workers and makes them periodically common, which has adverse effects on productivity and work quality. Although the institution provides protective clothing for human resources and prevents the use of drugs during working hours. Providing safety procedures for human resources at work sites for workers and employees helps reduce injuries and risks that may be caused by the absence of this. There is a need for the government to enact appropriate legislation to enforce on all companies operating in construction sector to providing equipment of safety and health for workers in work environments and sites. It also shows the importance of demanding health and safety policies and provisions from civil society and workers in the construction sector. The need to pay attention to the training aspect of workers, as it contributes to reducing potential accidents.